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The Spanish colonial architecture had a chance to spread at a time when the Spanish missions were underway. The Spanish architecture seeped into the cultures of the different colonies, being part of their way of life to date. Still, it is not imposing as gothic architecturewould be, but once you see it, you can never unsee it.
Spanish Colonial Revival
Wooden shutters were often mounted indoors in order to help regulate the temperature and direct the flow of fresh outdoor air. The hotel has some strong Spanish colonial-style features, including white walls, a bell tower, arched doorways and windows, and a rather flat roof. The building strongly resembles the ones built during the Spanish missions.
Indoor Arched and Open Doorways
While you can still find many Spanish colonial-era buildings and churches throughout America, most homes you see are part of the revival movement. Starting in the 19th century, and inspired by events like the world’s fair, architects began to build houses that harkened back to Spanish rule. Many cities also chose to design public buildings and spaces around a unified, Spanish-inspired style.
Wood Features
Adobe walls were dominant in Spanish colonial architecture, especially in parts like California and Florida. The adobe brick is made of mud and straw, materials the Spanish never had to bring on their ships. In California, the Monterey style also blended old Spanish building characteristics with those of eastern houses of the same period. The Monterey Revival, a minor 20th-century version of an earlier style, featured projecting balconies on the front of the second floor. The 1909 Gerson House in Oklahoma City, with its arcaded porch, stuccoed walls, barrel-tile roof, and curved dormers, is a good early example of the Mission Revival style.
Additionally, since the patio was available, the alfresco kitchen made it easier for families to dine outdoors. Since the Spanish majorly visited areas with dry climates in America and other parts of the world, their architecture had to conform to the climatic needs. The Spanish were mostly found in areas along the beaches or places with warmer temperatures, which need stone foundations for the houses to stand for long. Since the Spanish were busy discovering new territories, they could not carry around building materials. The Pueblo Revival is a 20th-century adaptation of a building type developed in the late-18th and early-19th centuries in New Mexico’s Rio Grande Valley.
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With elegant interiors and well-designed outdoors, the building must have been, and still is, a marvel when it was built. The flat roofs did a tremendous insulation job, regulating the temperatures in a house, making the choice a practical one. Additionally, the hot regions the Spanish visited barely received any rainfall or snow, and there was no need for sloping roofs. A major aspect of the Spanish styles, like all the Romantic Revival styles, was the imaginative use of the landscape to extend and enhance the buildings. In the 1920s and 1930s an army of talented landscape architects such as Olmsted and Olmsted, Lloyd Wright, and Florence Yoch created near-magical settings for the homes of the wealthy in every style. These regional differences, as well as changing architectural tastes over 50 years, left the landscape with a number of very different “Spanish” styles.
If you have watched “Money Heist,” you are probably familiar with the architecture of this building as there is an extensive display of its models. If not, the flat roof, narrow windows, and white walls give away the Spanish design of the building. The Hotel de Oriente has curved doorways and a relatively flat compared to what you see in Victorian architecture. The ornaments on the windows are not typical for Spanish homes but work perfectly on townhouses.
Heavy wood vigas (roof beams) that may be real or fake are embedded in the walls and project through the exterior surfaces. In the authentic pueblo dwellings still to be seen in Native American villages of the Southwest, canales (hollow logs) carried the infrequent rain water away from the flat, earthen roofs. Portales (porches) often opened off an interior patio, taking the place of interior corridors to provide access to the various rooms.
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Additionally, it can be found in its former colonies and some non-Spanish colonies too. Pueblo Revival is now the officially required building style for new structures in the historic area of Santa Fe, and is routinely used in new construction outside the historic area as well—which has resulted in at least one gigantic “adobe”-canopied gas station. A traditional Spanish house in Albuquerque sports an unusual Pueblo-style bay window, replete with vigas—projecting round beams used in traditional Pueblo work.
Furthermore, while early revivals were rather free adaptations of the originals, later revivals of, say, the 1920s were likely to be truer to the historical styles, at least in architect-designed buildings. The Ciudad Colonial (Colonial City) of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, founded in 1498, is the oldest European city in the New World and a prime example of this architectural style. These homes are often L-shaped, with a central or side courtyard (a key feature of Spanish-style homes).
The materials that the Spanish used were not complex and never required any industries or new skills to prepare. The Monterey style’s primary feature is a second-floor porch across the front of the house, recalling an early tradition in Monterey, California. This house in Pasadena also features an unusual, unadorned pointed-arch doorway.
During the late 19th- and early-20th centuries, however, builders in parts of the country with a Spanish heritage began to follow quite a different vision—or, to be more precise, several different visions. As mendicants were pushed out of central Mexico and as Jesuits also evangelized Indians in northern Mexico, they built mission churches as part of a larger complex, with living quarters and workshops for resident Indians. The first churches to be built by the Franciscans to evangelize the populations were the Church of San Francisco and the Iglesia de la Merced, and later the cathedral.
Ornamentation was typically of terracotta and was often vaguely Moorish in design. Windows and doors in myriad arch shapes, from Moorish to flattened semicircles, were also often edged with heavy mouldings of stone, brick, or terracotta. All these details fit nicely within the Arts & Crafts movement’s tendency to stress indigenous architectural forms and at the same time presaged the eclectic European architectural revivals that would prevail in the 1920s and ’30s.
With so many elementary and high school textbooks tracing the United States from the pilgrims to the Revolutionary War, over 400 years of Spanish rule in what is the modern-day U.S.A. gets tossed by the wayside. Marshall Bright is a freelance lifestyle writer and home décor expert for MyDomaine with over 10 years of experience. Bright has covered everything from design to health to food for websites like Apartment Therapy, Refinery29, InStyle, and SheKnows.
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